The syrian uprising started as a reaction to the arab spring, a series of antigovernment protests across the arab world inspired by the fall of the tunisian regime in early 2011. After fourplus years of fighting, syrias war has killed at least hundreds of thousands of people and displaced millions. The syrian civil war, also known as the syrian uprising or syrian crisis arabic. Syria, country located on the east coast of the mediterranean sea in southwestern asia. The syrian war is basically a fight about the control of the region. In 1936, france and syria negotiated a treaty of independence, which allowed syria to remain independent but gave france military and economic power. Mar 19, 2017 the civil war in syria may seem like a relatively new development because of its constant relevance in our nations political debates. The syrian military remained in lebanon, and from 1980 to 1981, syrian troops sided with lebanese muslims against the christian militias. Syrian civil war, armed conflict that began in 2011 with an uprising against the regime of syrian president bashar alassad. Syria is an ancient land with a rich history and has always been home to diverse cultures, ethnicities and religions. As of 2020, roughly half of syria s prewar population remains internally displaced 6.
The conflict in syria transitioned from an insurgency to a civil war during the summer of 2012. The baath government is fighting against people who want to remove this government. The clash by now is unmistakably taking on the appearance of war. Feb 08, 2016 the syrian civil war is said to have created one of the worst humanitarian crises in modern history. Response congressional research service 2 emerged as a persistent challenge for u. A chronology of key events in the history of syria from the end of ottoman rule to the present day. This begins to change when members of the syrian army, angry at the methods they are expected to use against protesters, begin to defect and join the rebels. The seed of this war was inseminate way back in 1970s. During world war ii, the free french government declared syria independent from vichy france, while reserving the right to veto any bill passed by the new syrian legislature.
This paper argues that the impact of the eightyear war in syria will reverberate across the region. The last french troops left syria in april of 1946, and the country gained a measure of true independence. The scale and intensity of the violence and destruction associated with the civil war that engulfed the syrian arab republic since 2011 have very few parallels in recent history. Furthermore, the presence of isis in syria became contagious in 20 syria. At many points in its history, syria has seen virulent tension with its geographically cultural neighbors, such as turkey, israel, iraq, and lebanon. Syrian civil war geneva international centre for justice. The syrian uprising started as a reaction to the arab spring, a series of antigovernment protests across the arab world inspired by. The conflict began on 15 march 2011, with demonstrations. Watch how the syrian civil war became the mess it is today.
Syrian refugees abroad, and the government lacks the resources to rebuild. On day of rage, small protests against the regime of president bashar alassad. The syrian conflict is portrayed by many as a sectarian one since a majority of the. Trumps announcement of a troop withdrawal in northern syria ahead of a turkish invasion could revive the islamic state and the syrian civil war, and signal the end of u. Syrian civil war simple english wikipedia, the free. The syrian observatory for human rights sohr estimates the total death toll from 15 march 2011 to 15 march. Syrian factions inside and out side of syria form the syrian national council to oppose the alassad regime. The syrian civil war has been the most deadly conflict of the 21st century, drawing in many different nations to fight over control of the middle eastern nation. The origins of the syrian civil war hindsights medium. The present syrian arab republic spans territory which was first unified in the 10th century bce under the neoassyrian empire, the capital of which was the city of assur, from which the name syria most likely derives. Jan 14, 2019 a chronology of key events in the history of syria from the end of ottoman rule to the present day.
The worthy cause of saving lives perversely enabled a much greater sacrifice of syrian lives. Arab republic of egypt, iraq, jordan, lebanon, the syrian arab republic, and turkeyto quantify the direct and indirect economic effects of the syrian war and the advance of the islamic state on the levant. The syrian civil war, also known as the syrian uprising arabic. Eight years on, the syrian civil war is finally winding down. From the perspective of the gulf states, first and foremost saudi arabia and qatar, the syria crisis offers an opportunity to reverse tehrans considerable growth in influence since the 2003 iraq war and strengthen their own positions. Context and history of the conflict 1 the syrian armed conflict began in 2011 as a civil. Although its roots lie in peaceful protests against the government, it has become something much more complex. The conflict drew involvement from a number of international actors and helped precipitate the rise of isil also called isis or islamic state in eastern syria. The implications of the syrian war for new regional orders in. Turkish prime minister recep tayyip erdogan says that his government has cut off contacts with syria. Home browse history middle eastern history syrian civil war. The syrian civil war itself is immensely complicated.
Land of history, civilizations and war mazigh m1 abstract as the syrians are welcomed into canada, it is useful to learn about where they are coming from. Aleppo has witnessed the fiercest battles between rebel groups and the regime forces, hence rendering it one of the most important battles of the syrian civil war. Discover librarianselected research resources on syrian civil war from the questia online library, including fulltext online books, academic journals, magazines, newspapers and more. It has been marked by numerous human rights violations through the syrian armys indiscriminate use of barrel bombs, the purposeful targeting of civilians, including hospitals and schools, by the syrian government and its russian. Historical background from cradle of civilisation to ghost country. A cheat sheet1 1 causes of the syrian civil war discontent with authoritarianism and assad familys long reign of power in syria since the 1970s syria is 74% sunni, but the assad family is part of a shia sect known as the alawites.
The conflict centers around syrian president bashar assad, who took power in 2000 following his fathers d. Millions of syrians have been uprooted from their homes due to the war. It is a conflict between forces of the baath government and forces who want to remove this government. In 2019, turkey launched a cross border military operation attempting to expel syrian kurdish u.
Mar 31, 2020 syrian civil war, armed conflict that began in 2011 with an uprising against the regime of syrian president bashar alassad. Economic effects of the syrian war and the spread of the. What started as a nonviolent protest in 2011 quickly escalated into fullblown warfare. Sep 18, 2018 the syrian civil war, which has devastated the entire country of syria and its neighbors, is a complex conflict that involves several nations, rebel groups and terrorist organizations what. The free syrian army ramps up their attempts to reclaim the city of damascus, where they have been targeting the military establishments. List of books and articles about syrian civil war online.
He had acquired a track record for arbitrary land expropriations and shady real estate. After fourplus years of fighting, syrias war has killed at least hundreds of thousands of. Syria and iraq bear the brunt of the direct economic costs, while the other levant countries lose in per capita but not in aggregate terms. In reality, the syrian civil war was sparked in march 2011 during the wave of democratic protests that had spread throughout the middle east known as the arab spring. But by 2012, syria was engulfed in a fullblown civil war. Syrias civil war explained from the beginning news al. Mar 09, 2018 the war in syria has now lasted for seven years. Syrias history is different, and so are the lessons the regime draws from that. Your introduction to yemen, one of the oldest civilizations on earth. In the southern town of daraa, police arrest some fifteen young boys for spraypainting buildings with the slogan, the people want the downfall of the regime. In july 2011, defectors from the military announced the formation of the free syrian army, a rebel group aiming to overthrow the government, and syria began to slide into civil war. Palmyra was an ancient civilization that arose during the second.
Syrias history in its modern middle eastern setting reflects a pendulumlike. The context, causes, and consequences of syrian displacement. Nor can the syrian war be attributed solely to conflicts dating back millen nia. Response congressional research service humanitarian situation. Collection of syrian war conflict articles, pdfs, maps, photos. Syrian civil war california historysocial science project. Describe the effects of the war and resulting peace treaties on population movement, the international economy, and shifts in the geographic and political borders of europe and the middle east. They take their weapons with them and thus make possible, in july, the formation of the free syrian army. Apr 07, 2017 watch how the syrian civil war became the mess it is today. During world war ii, british and free french troops occupied syriabut shortly after the war ended, syria officially became an independent country in 1946. In 1976, syria sent forces to lebanon as part of a peacekeeping force to help end that countrys civil war. The syrian civil war has had a direct impact on the migration policy of australia. List of books and articles about syrian history online. These binaries explain very little and, in fact, they obscure the origins of the conflict and a history of syrian democratic politics.
History shows that war itself is the greatest threat of all to human rights. Causes, consequences, and recommendations for mitigation a paper commissioned by the center for the prevention of genocide, united states holocaust memorial museum by ambassador frederic c. The syrian civil war is said to have created one of the worst humanitarian crises in modern history. Syrian civil war by july 2011, rebels had formed the free syrian army fsa, and pockets of insurrection broke out. The history of syria covers events which occurred on the territory of the present syrian arab republic and events which occurred in the region of syria. Syrian civil war compiled by thomas plofchan march 6, 2011. Many people have been killed and forced to leave the country in europe and neighboring countries. Critical differences between syrias alawites and shiites. The syrian civil war has already undermined the stra. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Despite the conflict starting in 2011 the impacts for australia were minimal until 3rd september this year when a photo of a three year old syrian refugee aylan kurdi who had drowned and washed up on the beach was put on the front page of newspapers around the world.
Syrian civil war history and background slideshare. The syrian civil war, which has devastated the entire country of syria and its neighbors, is a complex conflict that involves several nations, rebel groups and terrorist organizations. The yarmouk refugee camp in damascus, pictured above in a 2014 photo, has been described as. Hof, senior fellow, rafik hariri center for the middle east, atlantic council of the united states and. Syria enjoyed an improvement in relations with several of the states in its region in the 21st century, prior to the arab spring and the syrian civil war.
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